A systematic review of the treatment and management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Nigeria

Throughout the development of a pregnancy, there are many opportunities when pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E) can be prevented, detected, and managed; based on the literature, certain gaps exist along this continuum of care. To fully appreciate the enormity of the problem at the country level, the Population Council conducted a systematic review of published papers on PE/E in Nigeria from 2000–15 in order to understand the key challenges, gaps, and interventions related to the prevention and treatment of PE/E. In order to have the most impact, this report recommends a multi-level set of interventions that increase community awareness of symptoms of PE/E and antenatal health-seeking behavior, and improve and expand provider skills and knowledge for detecting and treating high blood pressure in pregnancy and PE/E throughout the developmental stages of pregnancy. The report concludes with specific strategies that are currently thought to be the best practices to reduce maternal mortality related to PE/E

An innovative financing model for the progesterone contraceptive vaginal ring through voucher programs

This technical report introduces the theoretical framework for the demand generation and supply chain mechanisms for an effective reproductive health voucher system. The key roles and functions of an effective voucher system are described. A methodology for implementation of a voucher system for the Population Council’s Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (PCVR), also referred to as the PCVR Voucher Based Care (VBC) program, has been designed to introduce the PCVR in the context of choice, equity in price, and range of outlets, ensuring quality of care and consistent availability of services. The model provides a framework and guidelines on how the PCVR can be included in existing voucher programs. A proposed structure to integrate the PCVR into the voucher system has been described in three phases: design, start-up, and scale-up. This technical report may be used by family planning and reproductive health service implementers and program managers who wish to implement the PCVR-VBC program. The report provides detailed information about the various aspects of planning required to integrate the PCVR at the country level

Utilizing social marketing and social franchising models to expand access to the progesterone contraceptive vaginal ring

The Population Council’s Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (PCVR) is an effective, user-initiated contraceptive option that helps meet the need for postpartum family planning (PPFP). It is exclusively designed for postpartum breastfeeding women who want to space or delay pregnancies the first year following childbirth. This technical report describes a social marketing and social franchising model that will be adopted for the introduction and scale-up of the PCVR. A methodology for implementation of this model, also referred to as the PCVR–Social Marketing and Social Franchising (PCVR-SM/SF) Model, has been designed to introduce the PCVR in the context of choice among other PPFP products and services, equity in price, and range of outlets, ensuring quality of care and availability of services. A proposed structure to integrate the PCVR into the SM/SF system has been outlined and described in three phases: design, start-up, and scale-up. The model provides guidance on how the PCVR can be included in existing SM/SF programs. This technical report may be used by FP/RH service implementers and program managers who wish to implement the PCVR-SM/SF Model

Offering progesterone contraceptive vaginal rings for postpartum women through integrated family planning and immunization services

This technical report describes a model for providing the Population Council’s Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (PCVR) through integrated FP/Immunization (FP/I) services, the core components of the model, the types of inputs required, and the steps for introduction and scale-up. It describes how the PCVR can be offered to breastfeeding women in the first year following childbirth. A methodology for implementation of the PCVR-Family Planning/Immunization model (also referred to as PCVR-FP/I) has been designed to introduce the PCVR in the context of accessibility, choice, equity, and, quality. A proposed structure to introduce and integrate the PCVR has been outlined and described in three phases: design, start-up, and scale-up. This report serves as a guideline to successfully introduce the PCVR through integrated FP/I services and may be used by FP/RH service implementers and program managers when implementing and integrating the PCVR into their programs and policies

Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica)

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is perhaps the most useful traditional medicinal plant in India. Each part of the neem tree has some medicinal property and is thus commercially exploitable. During the last five decades, apart from the chemistry of the neem compounds, considerable progress has been achieved regarding the biological activity and medicinal applications of neem. It is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products. This review gives a bird's eye view mainly on the biological activities of some of the neem compounds isolated, pharmacological actions of the neem extracts, clinical studies and plausible medicinal applications of neem along with their safety evaluation

Mnogofraktalnost i tvorba sporih čestica u sudarima 24Mg–AgBr na energiji 4.5 AGeV

We investigated the multifractality of target fragments of 24Mg-AgBr interaction at low energy (4.5 AGeV) in emission angle phase space, using a new method as proposed by Takagi. The analysis involves the step of measuring the generalised dimension Dq, which in turn deducts the multifractal behaviour of target fragments. We also determine the multifractal specific heat.Istražujemo mnogofraktalnost izlaznih sporih čestica u sudarima 24Mg–AgBr na niskoj energiji (4.5 AGeV) u faznom prostoru kuta emisije, primjenom nove metode koju je predložio Takagi. U analizi se određuje poopćena dimenzija Dq iz koje se izvode mnogofraktalna svojstva izlaznih čestica. Također izvodimo mnogofraktalnu specifičnu toplinu

Mnogofraktalnost i tvorba sporih čestica u sudarima 24Mg–AgBr na energiji 4.5 AGeV

We investigated the multifractality of target fragments of 24Mg-AgBr interaction at low energy (4.5 AGeV) in emission angle phase space, using a new method as proposed by Takagi. The analysis involves the step of measuring the generalised dimension Dq, which in turn deducts the multifractal behaviour of target fragments. We also determine the multifractal specific heat.Istražujemo mnogofraktalnost izlaznih sporih čestica u sudarima 24Mg–AgBr na niskoj energiji (4.5 AGeV) u faznom prostoru kuta emisije, primjenom nove metode koju je predložio Takagi. U analizi se određuje poopćena dimenzija Dq iz koje se izvode mnogofraktalna svojstva izlaznih čestica. Također izvodimo mnogofraktalnu specifičnu toplinu

Multifractality and multifractal specific heat in fragmentation process in

We have investigated the multifractality of target fragments of 24Mg-AgBr interaction at low energy (4.5AGeV) using a new method as proposed by Takagi. The analysis involves the step of measuring the generalised dimension Dq, which in turn, deduce the multifractal behaviour of target fragments. Ultimately we determine multifractal specific heat. A comparison with other data is also done.Author Affiliation: Dipak Ghosh, Argha Deb, Keya Dutta (Chattopadhyay), Rinku Sarkar, Ishita Dutta and Mitali Mondal 1.Nuclear and Particle Physics Research Centre, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India E-mail : [email protected] and Particle Physics Research Centre, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, Indi